Systems and Methods for Using Multispectral Imagery for Precise Tracking and Verification

ABSTRACT

Provided is a multispectral imaging device for providing precise tracking and verification. The imaging device may configure a first filter for a sensor, and may determine first spectral properties of a target object based on a first image of the target object generated from visible light passing through the first filter onto the sensor. The imaging device may configure a different second filter for the sensor, and may determine second spectral properties of the target object based on a second image of the target object generated from the non-visible light passing through the second filter onto the sensor. The imaging device may align the second spectral properties of the second image with the first spectral properties of the first image, and may present the first spectral properties with the second spectral properties in a single composite image of the target object.

CLAIM OF BENEFIT TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. nonprovisional applicationSer. No. 17/131,325 entitled “Systems and Methods for UsingMultispectral Imagery for Precise Tracking and Verification”, filed Dec.22, 2020 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 11,079,278 on Aug. 3, 2021. Thecontents of application Ser. No. 17/131,325 are hereby incorporated byreference.

BACKGROUND

Computer imagery has the ability to detect beyond what the human eye iscapable of. The additional data from computer imagery may enhancemanufacturing processes with extremely narrow tolerances, surgery and/orother medical procedures (e.g., cancer treatment) where millimeter andevent micrometer precision may be necessary for effective treatment,and/or differentiating a fake or reproduction from an original work.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of providing precise tracking fromgenerating and mapping multispectral properties of a target object inaccordance with some embodiments presented herein.

FIG. 2 provides an example that illustrates the additional points ofreference provided by the multispectral properties in a composite imagerelative to another image that captures visible light or what is seen bythe human eye in accordance with some embodiments presented herein.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of projecting spectral properties of animaged object captured in a composite image onto the imaged object inaccordance with some embodiments presented herein.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of providing precise control of anautomated tool based on the multispectral imaging of an object inaccordance with some embodiments presented herein.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example of verifying authenticity of a work usingthe mapped multispectral data in accordance with some embodimentspresented herein.

FIG. 6 illustrates components of an imaging device for performing theprecise tracking, autonomous control, authentication verification,enhanced motion capture, and/or other functionality in accordance withsome embodiments presented herein.

FIG. 7 presents a process for capturing the multispectral data with apoint cloud in accordance with some embodiments presented herein.

FIG. 8 presents examples of different composite images that may beproduced in accordance with some embodiments presented herein.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of enhancing a first image by mappingmultispectral properties, that are obtained from a second set of images,onto first image in accordance with some embodiments presented herein.

FIG. 10 illustrates example components of one or more devices, accordingto one or more embodiments described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings.The same reference numbers in different drawings may identify the sameor similar elements.

Provided are systems and methods for using multispectral imagery toprovide precise tracking, mapping, and/or verification. In someembodiments, an imaging device may use different filters to capturedifferent spectral properties of an imaged object using coherent andnoncoherent light across different bands of the electromagnetic spectrumbeyond just the visible light range and/or frequencies. The imagingdevice may map the different spectral properties to other image,positional, and/or other data, thereby increasing the points ofreference to an exact location, providing sub-millimeter (“mm”) accuracyand precision for identifying an exact location, and/or providingmultispectral data with which to identify a feature at the exactlocation.

In some embodiments, the mapping may include layering and/or embeddingthe multispectral data to produce a composite image that enhances thevisible light visualization of an object. For instance, the mapping mayinclude embedding the multispectral data into the data points of a pointcloud. The point cloud may present the multispectral data and/or otherdata via a single set of data points that may be manipulated todifferentiate specific data points of interest. In other words, thepoint cloud representation may not simply layer captured data from afirst spectral range that the imaging device captures with a firstspectral filter over data from a second spectral range that the imagingdevice captures with a second spectral filter. Instead, the point cloudmay provide a single unified view of the multispectral data. Moreover,the imaging device may distort, skew, and/or otherwise modify themultispectral data when storing the multispectral data to the pointcloud so that the point cloud may accurately map the multispectral datain three-dimensional (“3D”) space and/or may present the multispectraldata with proper depth.

In some embodiments, the mapped multispectral data may be presented inan augmented reality display and/or other display to provide clearreal-time visualization beyond the visible light range and/orfrequencies, and/or to improve the accuracy and/or precision of a humanactor. Here again, the imaging device may distort, skew, and/orotherwise modify the multispectral data to track movement, orientation,and/or positioning of the augment reality display, and/or to present themultispectral data at exact locations on a non-uniform object orsurface.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of providing precise tracking fromgenerating and mapping multispectral properties of a target object inaccordance with some embodiments presented herein. As shown in FIG. 1,imaging device 101 may be statically positioned over an object, and maycapture (at 102) three different images 103-1, 103-2, and 103-3(sometimes collectively referred to as “images 103” or individually as“image 103”) of the same object using three different filters 105-1,105-2, and 105-3 (sometimes collectively referred to as “filters 105” orindividually as “filter 105”) respectively. In some other embodiments,imaging device 101 may mounted on a rig that moves around the object inorder to capture images 103-1, 103-2, and 103-3 of the object fromdifferent angles, and/or to produce point cloud or 3D representationsfor image 103-1, 103-2, and 103-3. In still some other embodiments,multiple imaging devices 101 may be positioned over and around theobject, each imaging device may generate images 103-1, 103-2, and 103-3of the object from offset positions in 3D space. In this example, theobject may be a part of the human body, and images 103 may guide asurgeon in performing a medical procedure at an exact location on thehuman body.

First image 103-1 may correspond to an image that captures visible lightand the surface of the imaged body. Specifically, first image 103-1 maycorrespond to a section of skin. Second image 103-2 may correspond to animage that captures infrared light and the spectral properties of theskin exposed by the infrared light. For instance, the infrared light mayexpose the network of veins and capillaries under the skin based ondifferences in temperature and/or thermal properties of the veins andcapillaries to the surrounding skin. Third image 103-3 may correspond toan image that captures ultraviolet light and differences across the skinexposed by the ultraviolet light. The ultraviolet light may exposefreckles (e.g., minute differences in skin melanin), aging features,and/or other skin variations that may not be detected with the human eyeor with visible light. Imaging device 101 may use at least first filter105-1 (e.g., a single red, green, and blue filter or individual red,green, and blue filters) to filter out light outside the 400-700nanometer (“nm”) or (4*10¹⁴)-(7.5*10¹⁴) Hertz (“Hz”) range of visiblelight and thereby capture first image 103-1. Imaging device 101 may usesecond filter 105-2 to filter out light outside the 25-2.5 micrometer(“μm”) or 10¹³-10¹⁴ Hz range of infrared light and thereby capturesecond image 103-2, and may use a third filter to filter out lightoutside the 400-1 nm or 10¹⁵-10¹⁷ Hz range frequency of ultravioletlight and thereby capture third image 103-3. In some embodiments,imaging device 101 may use different coherent and noncoherent lightsources when capturing each of first image 103-1, second image 103-2,third image 103-3, and/or other images.

Imaging device 101 may generate (at 104) composite image 107 fromlayering and/or embedding the different multispectral propertiescaptured in images 103. In particular, composite image 107 may combinethe multispectral data from the different images 103, and as a result,may provide a more detailed, accurate, and/or enhanced presentation ofthe imaged part of the body. In some embodiments, the spectralproperties captured with each filter may be visually represented as adifferent set of features, with different coloring, with differenticons, and/or differentiated via other visual means in composite image107. For instance, infrared spectral properties may be presented usingdifferent gradations of red, and may be presented in composite image 107at each point of the targeted object where imaging device 101 detectinginfrared spectral properties with specific values (e.g., values within aspecified range to indicate presence of specific structures, valuesindicative of certain temperatures, etc.). In some embodiments,composite image 107 may include a point cloud or 3D image that presentsthe multispectral properties captured by images 103 in 3D space, and/orthat presents the multispectral properties with 3D positioning to matchwhere those multispectral properties were captured on the 3D form of theimaged object (e.g., to present the multispectral properties incomposite image 107 with the same curvature, depth, layering, etc. asfound on the actual image object).

The added detail, accuracy, and/or enhanced visualization provided bycomposite image 107 relative to each individual image 103 may providefiner grain or more precise mapping of the imaged part of the body.Specifically, a medical practitioner or technician may have severaladditional points of reference with which to locate an exact position onthe body using composite image 107 relative to what the medicalpractitioner or technician sees with his own eyes or what is presentedin just first image 103-1 of the skin outer layer. In particular,high-resolution imagery of a body part may provide the medicalpractitioner or technician up to 2 mm accuracy, whereas composite image107 may provide sub-one mm accuracy. Such accuracy may improve thelikelihood of a successful medical procedure and/or result in lessrecovery time when targeting cancerous cells with chemotherapy and/orradiation, when performing surgery, and/or when performing otherprocedures in which the extent of damage to healthy cells is minimizedas a result of the increased accuracy.

FIG. 2 provides an example that illustrates the additional points ofreference provided by the multispectral properties in composite image107 generated by imaging device 101 relative to first image 103-1 thatcaptures visible light or what is seen by the human eye in accordancewith some embodiments presented herein. The multispectral properties mayenhance the image detail, and may increase the accuracy for locating anexact location at which to perform a medical procedure.

In addition to presenting composite image 107, imaging device 101 mayperform a mapping of composite image 107 back to the imaged object. Inother words, points on the imaged object are linked to specific pointsin composite image 107 to control subsequent user or machine actions.

For instance, as shown in FIG. 2, imaging device 101 may present (at202) composite image 107 to a user via a display. As noted above,composite image 107 may be presented as a 2D image or a 3D point cloudor image that presents the multispectral properties captured atdifferent depths, planes, curves, etc. of the imaged object.

Imaging device 101 may receive (at 204) input from the user that marksan exact location on composite image 107. For instance, a medicalpractitioner may reference composite image 107 to mark an exact locationat which to perform the medical procedure. Imaging device 101 may mapthe marked location in composite image 107 to a corresponding actualposition on the imaged object. Imaging device 101 may direct (at 206) alaser light at the corresponding actual position on the imaged object sothat the medical practitioner can locate the marked position fromcomposite image 107 directly on the imaged object without having torefer back to composite image 107 or when composite image 107 is notpresented in an augmented reality display. In some embodiments, imagingdevice 101 may capture depth information when imaging the object, mayuse the depth information when mapping the marked location in compositeimage 107 to the corresponding actual position on the imaged object, andmay adjust the laser light and/or other indicator to account for anydeviation between the marked location in composite image 107 and thecorresponding actual position on the non-uniform imaged object.

In some embodiments, imaging device 101 may provide a direct mappingbetween composite image 107 and the imaged object. The direct mappingmay include imaging device 101 providing composite image 107 to themedical practitioner via an augmented reality display that continuallyaligns composite image 107 with the corresponding imaged part of thebody. In some such embodiments, imaging device 101 may be part of theaugmented reality headset worn by a user. Imaging device 101 may providea real-time and/or continuous layering of composite image 107 over areal-world view and/or a real-time camera feed, and may continuallyadjust and/or align composite image 107 based on movements of theheadset and/or changes in the real-world view. Alignment of compositeimage 107 may include matching the depth, height, or 3D positioning ofthe real-world view with corresponding depth, height, or 3D positioningthat are captured for different data points of composite image 107. Inthis manner, imaging device 101 may align what the user sees withlandmarks and/or features that are exposed through the multispectraldata of composite image 107. In some other embodiments, imaging device101 may be a separate device from the augmented reality display, andimaging device 101 perform the multispectral imaging of the objectseparate from the presentation of composite image 107 in the augmentedreality display. In some such embodiments, imaging device 101 mayreceive tracking information from the augmented reality display thatidentifies movement, orientation, and/or positioning of the augmentedreality display, and may distort, skew, transform, and/or otherwisemodify composite image 107 to present the multispectral data fromcomposite image 107 according to tracked movement, orientation, and/orpositioning of the augmented reality display. For instance, imagingdevice 101 may determine a relative position of the augmented realitydisplay to the imaged object, may determine one or more transformationsfor aligning, skewing, distorting, and/or otherwise mapping compositeimage 107 onto the imaged object from the relative positioning of theaugmented reality display, and may present composite image 107 in theaugmented reality display with the one or more transformations. In otherwords, the one or more transformations correct for the difference in afirst position at which imaging device 101 captures and/or generatescomposite image 107 of the imaged object, and a second position at whichthe augmented reality display is presenting the imaged object with theoverlaid or embedded multispectral data from composite image 107. Instill some other embodiments, imaging device 101 may use spectralhighlights and/or other unique spectral features to track positioningand/or motion of the imaged object.

Instead of an augmented reality headset, imaging device 101 may providethe direct mapping by projecting composite image 107 onto the imagedobject with spectral properties for specific points of composite image107 being exactly aligned with corresponding points of the object fromwhich the spectral data was acquired. FIG. 3 illustrates an example ofimaging device 101 projecting spectral properties of an imaged objectcaptured in composite image 107 onto the imaged object in accordancewith some embodiments presented herein.

As shown in FIG. 3, imaging device 101 may generate (at 302) compositeimage 107 from imaging the target object with different spectralfilters. Imaging device 101 may orient and/or otherwise align themultispectral properties from composite image 107 with correspondingpoints of the target object. In particular, imaging device 101 mayperform image analysis to determine dimensions of composite image 107,and may use one or more transformations to match the multispectralproperties from composite image 107 directly with corresponding pointson the target object. The one or more transformations may includedistorting, skewing, and/or otherwise modifying a two-dimensional (“2D”)representation of composite image 107 onto a 3D form of the imagedobject, or may include mapping a 3D representation of composite image107 to corresponding locations and depths across the 3D of the imagedobject. For instance, composite image 107 may correspond to a 3D pointcloud with data points capturing the multispectral properties atdifferent positions in 3D space that correspond to different positionsat different planes, depths, or positions across the 3D form of thetarget object.

Imaging device 101 may overlay the multispectral data directly onto thetarget object using a high-resolution projector that projects (at 304)the multispectral properties at a particular point in composite image107 to the corresponding location of the target object at which thosemultispectral properties were captured. Specifically, imaging device 101may project (at 304) the multispectral properties by providing a visiblelight representation for non-visible spectral properties (e.g.,infrared, ultraviolet, and/or other electromagnetic spectrum rangesoutside the visible light spectrum) onto the target object. In thismanner, the user may visualize the multispectral properties directly onthe target object without having to wear a specialized headset orreference a display off and/or away from the target object.

In some embodiments, output from imaging device 101 (e.g., compositeimage 107) may be input directly to a controller of autonomous machineryand/or may be used to control movements of the autonomous machinery. Forinstance, imaging device 101 may be part of a sensory array of a robot.Composite images 107 from imaging device 101 may provide the robot withsensory input that the robot uses to move and/or to accurately positionactuators, tools, and/or other components with sub-1 mm precision.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of imaging device 101 providing precisecontrol of automated tool 401 based on the multispectral imaging of anobject in accordance with some embodiments presented herein.Specifically, automated tool 401 may be a laser for excising or burningaway cancerous tissue without damaging healthy tissue, and the targetedobject may be an exposed region within a patient's body. Imaging device101 may directly control movement and/or firing of the laser.

Imaging device 101 may be attached to automated tool 401 or may belocated off of automated tool 401. Imaging device 101 may generate (at402) one or more composite images 403 of the object, may map the datapoints from composite images 403 to corresponding points of the actualobject, and may identify (at 404) specific points corresponding to thecancerous tissue by using the multispectral properties to automaticallydifferentiate the cancerous tissue from nearby healthy tissue.Alternatively, in some embodiments, a user may manually select thespecific points or the region corresponding to the cancerous tissue.

Imaging device 101 may determine a current position of automated tool401 relative to the specific points of cancerous tissue. In someembodiments, imaging device 101 may be positioned to capture a tip orend of automated tool 401 in composite images 403, and may determine thecurrent position of automated tool 401 by comparing the position ofautomated tool 401 to the position of the specific points for thecancerous tissue. In some other embodiments, imaging device 101 may becentered about the tip or end of automated tool 401 such that thecurrent position of automated tool 401 corresponds to the exact centerof composite images 403.

Imaging device 101 may compute a set of movements with which toreposition and align automated tool 401 with the specific points ofcancerous tissue, and may execute (at 406) the set of movements. Imagingdevice 101 may verify that automated tool 401 is correctly positioned bygenerating a new composite image 403 and detecting the position ofautomated tool 401 in the new composite image 403.

Once automated tool 401 is precisely aligned, imaging device 101 mayactivate (at 408) automated tool 401, and may precisely controlautomated tool 401 to engage only the specific points of canceroustissue by continually comparing (at 410) the position and engagement ofautomated tool 401 against the multispectral mapping of the object incomposite image 403.

In some embodiments, the mapped multispectral data may be used to verifythe authenticity of an object or work. FIG. 5 illustrates an example ofverifying authenticity of a work using the mapped multispectral data inaccordance with some embodiments presented herein.

As shown in FIG. 5, imaging device 101 may be statically positioned overoriginal work 501, and may capture (at 502) multiple images 503-1,503-2, and 503-3 (sometimes collectively referred to as “images 503” orindividually as “image 503”) of original work 501 using differentfilters 105 at a first time. Original work 501 may include art (e.g., apainting, sculpture, pottery, etc.), photography, manuscripts, and/orother physical articles or objects that may be reproduced.

With each filter 105 and image 503, imaging device 101 may capturedifferent multispectral data for different visible and non-visibleproperties of original work 501. Specifically, imaging device 101 mayidentify different attributes of original work 501 using differentmultispectral light or different coherent and noncoherent light.

In some embodiments, each of images 503-1, 503-2, and 503-3 may becaptured at different angles or offset positions in order to capture themultispectral data with depth information. In other words, image 503-1may be captured at different angles or offset positions in order todetermine the depth, plane, and/or other 3D positioning for themultispectral data.

Imaging device 101 may generate (at 504) reference image 505 fororiginal work 501 based on the multispectral data captured by images503. For an oil painting, reference image 505 may include the coloringof the oil painting falling within a first range of the electromagneticspectrum (e.g., visible light spectrum), the translucency of the paintthat is exposed by a second range of the electromagnetic spectrum (e.g.,ultraviolet spectrum), the texture, thickness, or density of the paintthat is exposed by a third range of the electromagnetic spectrum (e.g.,X-ray spectrum), the roughness of the canvas and/or the layering of thepaint atop the canvas as measured with a fourth range of theelectromagnetic spectrum (e.g., infrared spectrum), and/or otherproperties of the paint that are exposed in different electromagneticspectrum ranges. Imaging device 101 may store reference image 505.

At a later second time, imaging device 101 may perform (at 506) amultispectral imaging of reproduced work 507, wherein reproduced work507 is a reproduction or copy of original work 501. A skilled artisanmay be able to make reproduced work 507 appear identical or nearlyidentical to original work 501 to the most discerning eye, especiallywhen original work 501 is not available for a side-by-side comparison oronly high-resolution images of original work 501 are available tocompare against reproduced work 507. For instance, a lender may loanoriginal work 501 to a third-party, and the lender may need to verifythat original work 501 is being returned by the third-party and not areproduction.

Imaging device 101 may use the different filters to capture differentvisible and non-visible spectral properties of reproduced work 507.Imaging device 101 may generate (at 508) composite image 509 based onthe multispectral data captured from reproduced work 507.

Imaging device 101 may compare (at 510) composite image 509 to referenceimage 505 in order to verify whether reproduced work 507 is originalwork 501 or some reproduction, copy, and/or replica of original work501. Imaging device 101 may compare (at 510) images 505 and 509 bycomparing data for different multispectral properties of each image 505and 509, and determining if the compared data from images 505 and 509 iswithin a threshold value of one another. In some embodiments, imagingdevice 101 may compare (at 510) the multispectral data at each captureddata point of reference image 505 to the multispectral data atcorresponding points of composite image 509.

By comparing (at 510) composite image 509 to reference image 505,imaging device 101 may detect differences that are not visible to thehuman eye even under magnification. For instance, imaging device 101 maydetect that the texture of the canvas, thickness of the paint, elevationof the paint off the canvas, and/or other properties between referenceimage 505 and composite image 509 are different. Imaging device 101 maydetermine if the differences are greater than a threshold amount toaccount for tolerances of imaging device 101.

In response to detecting sufficient differences or a threshold amount ofdifference between composite image 509 of reproduced work 507 andreference image 505 of original work 501, imaging device 101 maydetermine (at 512) that reproduced work 507 is a fake, replica,unauthorized reproduction, and/or other copy of original work 501, andnot original work 501. In some embodiments, may output (at 512) thedetected differences as evidence.

Museums, galleries, and/or other holders of original works may useimaging device 101 to confirm that work that is loaned or temporarilyplaced in the custody of others is in fact returned and not substitutedwith a fake. Similarly, imaging device 101 may be used to verify theauthenticity of original work 501 prior to a sale and/or transfer fromone party to another. For instance, buyers may requireproof-of-authenticity for the actual work being purchased which imagingdevice 101 may substantiate by comparing the multispectral properties ofthe work being purchased with the multispectral properties of theoriginal work provided by the original artist. In a similar manner,imaging device 101 may verify the origin of a work. For instance, alimited set of lithographs of an original work may be authorized by anartist. The limited set of lithographs may be generated with particularmachinery using particular inks, paints, and/or other materials. Imagingdevice 101 may precisely determine the particular inks, paints,patterning, and/or other materials used to generate the limited set oflithographs, and may therefore be able to detect a lithograph that isgenerated using different machinery and/or different materials.

In some embodiments, imaging device 101 may be used for archivalpurposes. In some such embodiments, imaging device 101 may precisely mapvisible light and non-visible light attributes of original work 501, andstore those attributes for subsequent reference or research. Forinstance, reference image 505 of original work 501 may be shared amongstresearchers or stored for historic purposes to record exact brushstrokes, technique, paint, materials, and/or other attributes oforiginal work 501. Researchers may compare the archived multispectraldata for different works of the same artist to determine how the artistchanged over time.

In some embodiments, the mapped multispectral data may be used toimprove motion capture accuracy. Currently, motion capture technologyrelies on a grid-based mapping of an actor body and/or face, and using aset of cameras to track movements of data points within the mapped grid.Such motion capture may have the ability to accurately capture largermovements such as arm and leg movements, but may lack the accuracy totrack nuanced movements from certain facial expressions.

With the multispectral imaging, imaging device 101 may produce a nearinfinite amount of data points with which to track large and microscopicmovements. In particular, imaging device 101 may use visible light,infrared light, ultraviolet light, coherent light, noncoherent light,and/or other electromagnetic spectrum ranges to produce different setsof trackable spectral properties with which to track the positioning andmovement of individual skin lines (e.g., wrinkles), minute differencesin skin coloring, and/or other skin variances (e.g., moles, facial hair,skin texture, etc.). Alternatively, imaging device 101 may use specificspectral features to track the positioning and movements. For instance,imaging device 101 may track spectral highlights that are present atspecific points based on the angle of illumination by the light source.Imaging device 101 may provide a real-time feed of the multispectraldata to a motion capture device in order to precisely map the large andsmall movements to a digitally created object.

Imaging device 101 may be used in other fields and for otherapplications beyond those described above. For instance, imaging device101 may be used to map the multispectral properties of different organicand nonorganic matter. In agriculture, the multispectral properties oforganic fruits, vegetables, plants, etc. may be used to automaticallyascertain the health, ripeness, and/or other qualities of the organicmatter. In some embodiments, imaging device 101 may include a machinelearning component that determines the peak ripeness of particularorganic matter from different spectral properties that are obtained whenimaging the particular organic matter with two or more of visible light,infrared light, ultraviolet light, coherent light, noncoherent light,and/or other electromagnetic spectrum ranges. Similarly, imaging device101 may capture the multispectral properties of nonorganic matter inorder to measure rigidity, strength, and/or other characteristics of thenonorganic matter. For instance, a manufacturing system may welddifferent pieces together, and imaging device 101 may automaticallydetermine the strength and/or quality of the weld based on amultispectral imaging of the weld.

FIG. 6 illustrates components of imaging device 101 for performing theprecise tracking, autonomous control, authentication verification,enhanced motion capture, and/or other functionality in accordance withsome embodiments presented herein. Imaging device 101 may correspond toa specialized multispectral camera with one or more of multispectrallight source 601, sensor 603, filters 605, rotation element 607,processor 609, storage 611, indicator 613, projector 615, and/orwireless radio 617.

Multispectral light source 601 may include one or more Light EmittingDiodes (“LEDs”), lasers, structured light, and/or other sources capableof generating light within various ranges or frequencies of theelectromagnetic spectrum including at least infrared, visible, and/orultraviolet light. Accordingly, multispectral light source 601 mayinclude coherent and noncoherent light sources. A coherent light sourcemay generate a beam of photons at the same frequency, wavelength, and/orphase. For instance, a coherent light source may include laser light. Anoncoherent light source may generate photons that are out-of-phase,varying frequencies, and/or varying wavelengths. A noncoherent lightsource may include an LED. Imaging device 101 may switch betweencoherent and noncoherent light sources to better image and/or capturedifferent spectral properties of an object. For instance, laser lightmay penetrate deeper through a top layer of organic matter, and may beused with one or more filters 605 to capture nonvisible spectralproperties of the organic matter below the top layer, whereas visiblelight from an LED light source may capture different visible spectralproperties of the organic matter at the top layer. Light source 601 maybe powered by an external power source or an onboard battery.

Sensor 603 may include a monochromatic and/or another sensor forconverting captured light and/or electromagnetic radiation intoelectrical signals. In some embodiments, sensor 603 may include aCharge-Coupled Device (“CCD”) sensor or ComplementaryMetal-Oxide-Semiconductor (“CMOS”) sensor. Sensor 603 may capturedifferent spectral properties of an object that may be illuminatedand/or exposed by light source 601. Filters 605 may restrict the lightpassing onto sensor 603, and may cause sensor 603 to measure and/orcapture attributes of specific ranges and/or frequencies (e.g., visible,infrared, ultraviolet, and/or other electromagnetic spectrum) permittedby each filter 605.

In addition to capturing the multispectral properties of an imagedobject, sensor 603 may be used to capture depth information. Inparticular, light source 601 may illuminate the surface of the imagedobject with a structured light pattern. Sensor 603 may capturevariations, distortions, and/or deviations of the structured lightpattern on the object surface, and may compute depth and/or distancebased on the variations, distortions, and/or deviations. For instance,sensor 603 may detect the height of paint over a canvas in a paintingand/or the texture of the canvas based on measured variations,distortions, and/or deviations in the structured light pattern.

In some embodiments, sensor 603 may combine other imaging technologiessuch as LIDAR, X-Ray, Radar, and Computerized Tomography (“CT”), inorder to obtain depth information for the imaged object. Accordingly,sensor 603 may include a three-dimensional (“3D”) sensor that is used ingenerating 3D point cloud imagery.

Filters 605 may include two or more filters that permit differentelectromagnetic spectrum bands to pass to sensor 603. In other words,each filter 605 may focus a particular range of wavelengths and/orfrequencies onto sensor 603, thereby allowing sensor 603 to measure thedifferent spectral properties of an imaged object that are exposed ineach filtered range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Filters 605 mayinclude separate filters that pass through visible light, infrared,ultraviolet, X-ray, microwave, and/or other wavelengths or frequencieswithin the electromagnetic spectrum. In some embodiments, two or morefilters 605 may be used to improve the capture of specific ranges oflight and/or the electromagnetic spectrum. For instance, a first filtermay be used to capture near infrared light, and a second filter may beused to capture far infrared light. Similarly, filters 605 may includeseparate filters to capture red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, and yellowlight in the visible light spectrum. Each filter 605 may include a lensor piece of optical glass with a specialized or different coating thatpermits different ranges or frequencies of light or the electromagneticspectrum to reach sensor 603.

Rotation element 607 may include a motor for rotating different filters605 over or in front of sensor 603. By positioning different filters 605over or in front of sensor 603, rotation element 607 may change thewavelengths and/or frequencies that are received and/or measured bysensor 603.

In some embodiments, imaging device 101 may omit rotation element 607,and may directly place different filters 605 over different photositesof sensor 603. For instance, a repeating sequence of different filters605 may be positioned over photosites of sensor 603. The repeatingsequence may include a first red filter over a first photosite, a secondgreen filter over a second photosite that is directly adjacent to thefirst photosite, a third blue filter over a third photosite that isdirectly adjacent to the second photosite, a fourth infrared filter overa fourth photosite that is directly adjacent to the third photosite, anda fifth ultraviolet filter over a fifth photosite that is directlyadjacent to the fourth photosite. This sequencing of filters may berepeated over each set of five consecutive photosites of sensor 603, andimaging device 101 may generate a composite image by combining the multispectral data from each set of five consecutive photosites into a singledata point of the composite image.

In some embodiments, imaging device 101 may replace rotation element 607with a prism. The prism may divide light equally to two or moredestinations. A different sensor 603 with a different filter 605 may beplaced at each destination to measure different spectral properties ofthe filtered light.

Processor 609 may control light source 601 in emitting different light,may control rotation element 607 in placing different filters 605 overor in front of sensor 603, may control sensor 603 in capturing data aseach filter 605 is positioned over sensor 603, and/or may combinedifferent spectral data that is captured by different sensors 603 and/orphotosites of sensor 603. Accordingly, processor 609 may synchronizeoperation of imaging device 101 components.

In some embodiments, processor 609 may process the data that isgenerated and/or captured by sensor 603 using different filters 605. Forinstance, processor 609 may capture an image with different spectralproperties of an object using each filter 605 and/or different sets ofphotosites of sensor 603. In some embodiments, processor 609 may map thedata from each image to a composite image, and/or may produce anoverlaid or embedded presentation of the data. Accordingly, processor609 may generate output with the different spectral properties thatpresent the imaged object with additional data beyond what is observedby visible light. In some embodiments, processor 609 may produce a pointcloud representation to provide a 3D visualization of the imaged objectthat includes the depth information and the multispectral data for eachdata point of the point cloud representation that corresponds to adifferent imaged part of the object.

Processor 609 may use storage 611 to store the captured images, themultispectral properties, composite images, and/or point cloudrepresentations of an imaged object. Storage 611 may include volatileand/or non-volatile memory.

Processor 609 may control indicator 613. Indicator 613 may include amoveable laser light source or other moveable visual indicator withwhich imaging device 101 may identify an exact location on an imagedobject with sub-mm precision. For instance, imaging device may generatea composite image that is presented on a separate display to a user. Theuser may reference the different spectral properties from the compositeimage to select a precise location at which to perform an action.Imaging device 101 may map the selection in the composite image to anexact position of the imaged object, and may illuminate the exactposition with indicator 613.

Projector 615 may include a display device with which the spectralproperties of an imaged object captured from non-visible light may beoverlaid or presented on the imaged object. For instance, imaging device101 may capture the infrared spectral properties of an imaged object.Rather than generate a composite image to display the spectralproperties, imaging device 101 may map the composite image to a surfaceof the imaged object, and may present the infrared spectral propertiesat the mapped locations of the imaged object using visible light emittedfrom projector 615.

In some embodiments, imaging device 101 may control other devices basedon wireless signaling issued from wireless radio 617. In particular,imaging device 101 may generate a composite image of an object, maydetermine an exact location at which to perform an action based on themultispectral properties from the composite image, may determine aposition of an automated tool relative to the exact location on theobject, and may issue a set of commands via wireless radio 617 tocontrol the automated tool in performing the action at the exactlocation on the object.

As noted above, imaging device 101 may generate a composite image as apoint cloud. The point cloud may include a set of data points forrepresenting a 3D or volumetric object. The point cloud data points maydiffer from pixels of a two-dimensional (“2D”) image, because certainregions of the point cloud may have no data points, lower densities ofdata points, and/or higher densities of data points based on varyingamounts of visual information that is detected at those regions. Incontrast, pixels of a 2D image have a uniform density and fixedarrangement that is defined by the resolution of the 2D image. Moreover,the point cloud data points may have a non-uniform placement orpositioning, whereas the 2D image has pixel data for each pixel of adefined resolution (e.g., 640×480, 800×600, etc.).

Each point cloud data point or set of data points may correspond to adifferent sub-mm region of an imaged object. Point cloud data points maybe layered atop one another with a first data point capturing thespectral properties for a particular location of the imaged object at afirst depth, and a second data point capturing the spectral propertiesfor the particular location at a different second depth. Accordingly,each point cloud data point may include positional and non-positionalinformation.

The positional information may include coordinates within 3D space. Forinstance, each point cloud data point may include x-coordinate,y-coordinate, and z-coordinate data point elements that map to differentx-coordinate, y-coordinate, and z-coordinate locations across the imagedobject at which spectral data is captured by imaging device using one ormore filters 605. Accordingly, there may be direct one-to-onecorrespondence between the positional information of each point clouddata point and each sub-mm region of the imaged object.

The non-positional data point elements may store the spectral data thatis detected by imaging device 101 at a corresponding position of eachdata point in or on the object. For instance, the non-positional datapoint elements for a particular data point may provide visible light,infrared, ultraviolet, luminance, chrominance, reflectivity, hue,saturation, and/or other visible and nonvisible attributes or spectralproperties for the sub-mm region on the object represented by thatparticular data point in the point cloud.

In some embodiments, each point cloud data point may be represented asan array. The array may include entries for the positional information(e.g., x, y, and z coordinates), and entries for the differentmultispectral data that is captured by sensor 603 when configured with adifferent filter of filters 605. Data points may have differentnon-positional data point elements. For instance, a first point clouddata point may include spectral data that imaging device captures at afirst object position with a first filter and a second filter, and asecond point cloud data point may include spectral data that imagingdevice 101 captures at a second object position with a third filter, butfor which no spectral data is captured when imaging the object with thefirst filter and the second filter.

As noted above, the point cloud is a 3D representation and/or mappingfor the multispectral properties of an imaged object. The distortion,skew, and/or other variation between the multispectral data at differentdepths may already be stored in the point cloud data points.Accordingly, when rendering the point cloud from different perspectives,imaging device 101 may adjust the multispectral data stored in thenon-positional data elements based on the angle, perspective, and/orother positioning from which the point cloud is rendered.

FIG. 7 presents a process 700 for capturing the multispectral data witha point cloud in accordance with some embodiments presented herein.Process 700 may be performed by imaging device 101.

Process 700 may include determining (at 702) depth across a targetobject. Determining (at 702) the depth may include illuminating astructured pattern over the target object with light source 601,capturing the structured pattern over the target object with a cameraand/or one or more images, and/or calculating different depths and/ordistances across the target object based on variations, distortions,and/or deviations of the structured pattern.

Process 700 may include generating (at 704) a plurality of data pointsfor different points across the target object with a determined (at 702)depth. Generating (at 704) the plurality of data points may includesetting the positional data elements for each of the plurality of datapoints based on a computed amount of variation, distortion, and/ordeviation in the structured pattern at the corresponding point of thetarget object. For instance, each pixel or photosite of sensor 603, forwhich a measure of the structured pattern is obtained, may be convertedto a point cloud data point, and may be positioned within the pointcloud according to the measured depth at that pixel or for that datapoint.

Process 700 may include gradually adding the spectral attributes of thetarget object to the point cloud with different filtered images or datacaptured by sensor 603. In particular, process 700 may includeilluminating (at 706) the target object with light source 601. In someembodiments, light source 601 may control the illumination (at 706) ofthe target object by emitting different ranges of electromagneticradiation (e.g., different light from the electromagnetic spectrum) atdifferent times. Accordingly, illuminating (at 706) the target objectmay include illuminating the target object with visible and/ornon-visible light and/or other electromagnetic radiation from theelectromagnetic spectrum. For instance, process 700 may includeilluminating (at 706) the target object with infrared light at a firsttime, visible light at a second time, ultraviolet light at a third time,etc. Alternatively, light source 601 may simply illuminate the targetobject with light in all desired ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum,and imaging device 101 may use filters 605 to measure the spectralproperties of the target object in different ranges of theelectromagnetic spectrum.

Process 700 may include configuring (at 708) a next filter 605 forcapturing a next set of spectral properties of the target object.Configuring (at 708) the next filter 605 may include positioning and/orotherwise aligning the next filter 605 over sensor 603 so that only aspecific range of electromagnetic radiation or light is permitted topass through and be measured by sensor 603. In some embodiments,configuring (at 708) the next filter 605 may include activating rotationelement 607 to physically move a filter 605 over or onto sensor 603. Insome other embodiments, configuring (at 708) the next filter 605 mayinclude electronically controlling a set of filters 605 in order toactivate a particular filter 605 and deactivate other filters (e.g.,setting the other filters to an entirely transparent or pass-throughmode). In still some other embodiments, configuring (at 708) the nextfilter 605 may include activating and/or recording a measurement with aspecific one of a set of sensors 603 (when a prism divides light betweenmultiple sensors) and/or a set of photosites on a particular sensor 603(when photosites of the particular sensor 603 include different filters603) that receives filtered light and/or electromagnetic spectrum fromthe next filter 605.

Process 700 may include generating (at 710) a set of data for the pointcloud data points based on the visible light, non-visible light, and/orother electromagnetic radiation that passes through the selected filter605 and that is captured by sensor 603. In some embodiments, generating(at 710) the set of data may include measuring spectral properties atdifferent points of the target object within a particular range orfrequency of the electromagnetic spectrum passing through the nextfilter 605, with the different points of the target object correspondingto the plurality of data points generated for the point cloudrepresentation of the target object.

Process 700 may include mapping (at 712) the set of data to the pointcloud data points. In particular, imaging device 101 may populate a setof non-positional data elements of the point cloud data points with theset of data. The mapping (at 712) may include storing to a particulardata point of the point cloud, the spectral data that is captured forthe same physical point on the imaged object by one or more pixels orphotosites of sensor 603 and/or one or more sensors 603 using differentfilters.

Process 700 may include determining (at 714) if the multispectralcapture of the target object is complete. The multispectral capture ofthe target object is complete once the target object is imaged and themultispectral properties of the target objects are measured with each ofa set of different filters.

In response to determining (at 714—No) that the multispectral capture ofthe target object incomplete, process 700 may include configuring (at708) a next filter 605 and/or modifying the illumination of the targetobject with light source 601 based on the configured filter 605. Forinstance, light source 601 may turn off a first light and turn on asecond light in order to change the electromagnetic spectrum range thatis emitted from light source 601 and/or that is being used to illuminatethe target object.

Process 700 may include generating (at 710) another set of data based onthe different light or electromagnetic radiation that passes through thenewly configured filter 605 and that is captured by a particular sensor603, a set of photosites of the particular sensor 603, and/or one ormore sensor 603 configured with the newly configured filter 605. Process700 may again include mapping (at 712) the set of data to differentnon-positional data elements of the point cloud data points. In thismanner, each point cloud data point may store the spectral properties ata particular point on the target object that are exposed and isolatedusing different filters for visible light, infrared light, ultravioletlight, and/or other ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum.

In response to determining (at 714—Yes) that the multispectral captureof the target object is complete, process 700 may include producing (at716) a composite image for the target object based on the mapping of thedifferent sets of data for the different spectral properties of thetarget object to the point cloud data points. In some embodiments,producing (at 716) the composite image may include rendering the pointcloud to provide a visualized representation of the target object viathe point cloud data points, and to further provide the differentspectral properties of the target object that are captured using thedifferent filters 605 and/or that are exposed when illuminating thetarget object with different ranges of electromagnetic radiation atdifferent times (e.g., infrared light at a first time, visible light ata second, and ultraviolet light at a third time).

FIG. 8 presents examples of different composite images 801, 803, and 805that may be produced by imaging device 101 in accordance with someembodiments presented herein. First composite image 801 may include asingle image that is overlaid with different layers representing thedifferent spectral properties of the target object. For instance, firstcomposite image 801 may present an image that is captured with visiblelight, and may overlay atop the image features, coloring, and/or otherdata that are exposed when capturing the infrared, ultraviolet, and/orother spectral properties of the target object.

Second composite image 803 may include a single image with aninteractive slider or tool. The interactive slider may be used to changethe spectral properties of the target object that are shown in theimage. For instance, second composite image 803 may present first set ofspectral properties 807-1 of the target object captured using a visiblelight filter when the interactive slider is at a first setting,different second set of spectral properties 807-2 of the target objectcaptured using an infrared light filter when the interactive slider isat a second setting, and third set of spectral properties 807-3 of thetarget object captured using a ultraviolet light filter when theinteractive slider is at a third setting.

Third composite image 805 may provide a point cloud rendering of thetarget object showing the different spectral properties with differentdata point visualizations and/or presentations. In particular, a datapoint may be colored or presented based on the combined set of spectralproperties that were measured at the corresponding point on the targetobject.

In some embodiments, the composite image may be produced in combinationwith other images and/or feeds. In some embodiments, imaging device 101may receive a CT, Positron Emission Tomography (“PET”), MagneticResonance Imaging (“MRI”), or other scan, and may enhance the scan withthe multispectral data.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of imaging device 101 enhancing a firstimage 901 by mapping multispectral properties, that are obtained fromsecond set of images 903, onto first image 901 in accordance with someembodiments presented herein. As shown in FIG. 9, first image 901 may bean image of a patient's spine. Imaging device 101 may receive (at 902)first image 901 from a different medical imaging device (e.g., an X-raymachine) in order to enhance first image 901 with multispectral data ofthe patient's back from which the medical practitioner may identify aprecise location on the patient's spine.

Imaging device 101 may generate (at 904) a point cloud representation ofthe patient's back based on depth information and/or multispectralproperties captured with second set of images 903. Imaging device 101may map the point cloud data points onto first image 901 by referencingthe data point depth information to identify protrusions and/or thickerdensity of the spine, and by aligning those data points exactly withcorresponding features in first image 901. Imaging device 101 maygenerate (at 906) composite image 905 to overlay or enhance first image901 with the multispectral data from the point cloud. The medicalpractitioner may use several reference points provided by themultispectral data of composite image 905 to determine how to bestaccess the precise location on the patient's spine.

FIG. 10 is a diagram of example components of device 1000. Device 1000may be used to implement one or more of the devices or systems describedabove (e.g., imaging device 101). Device 1000 may include bus 1010,processor 1020, memory 1030, input component 1040, output component1050, and communication interface 1060. In another implementation,device 1000 may include additional, fewer, different, or differentlyarranged components.

Bus 1010 may include one or more communication paths that permitcommunication among the components of device 1000. Processor 1020 mayinclude a processor, microprocessor, or processing logic that mayinterpret and execute instructions. Memory 1030 may include any type ofdynamic storage device that may store information and instructions forexecution by processor 1020, and/or any type of non-volatile storagedevice that may store information for use by processor 1020.

Input component 1040 may include a mechanism that permits an operator toinput information to device 1000, such as a keyboard, a keypad, abutton, a switch, etc. Output component 1050 may include a mechanismthat outputs information to the operator, such as a display, a speaker,one or more light emitting diodes (“LEDs”), etc.

Communication interface 1060 may include any transceiver-like mechanismthat enables device 1000 to communicate with other devices and/orsystems. For example, communication interface 1060 may include anEthernet interface, an optical interface, a coaxial interface, or thelike. Communication interface 1060 may include a wireless communicationdevice, such as an infrared (“IR”) receiver, a Bluetooth® radio, or thelike. The wireless communication device may be coupled to an externaldevice, such as a remote control, a wireless keyboard, a mobiletelephone, etc. In some embodiments, device 1000 may include more thanone communication interface 1060. For instance, device 1000 may includean optical interface and an Ethernet interface.

Device 1000 may perform certain operations relating to one or moreprocesses described above. Device 1000 may perform these operations inresponse to processor 1020 executing software instructions stored in acomputer-readable medium, such as memory 1030. A computer-readablemedium may be defined as a non-transitory memory device. A memory devicemay include space within a single physical memory device or spreadacross multiple physical memory devices. The software instructions maybe read into memory 1030 from another computer-readable medium or fromanother device. The software instructions stored in memory 1030 maycause processor 1020 to perform processes described herein.Alternatively, hardwired circuitry may be used in place of or incombination with software instructions to implement processes describedherein. Thus, implementations described herein are not limited to anyspecific combination of hardware circuitry and software.

The foregoing description of implementations provides illustration anddescription, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit thepossible implementations to the precise form disclosed. Modificationsand variations are possible in light of the above disclosure or may beacquired from practice of the implementations.

The actual software code or specialized control hardware used toimplement an embodiment is not limiting of the embodiment. Thus, theoperation and behavior of the embodiment has been described withoutreference to the specific software code, it being understood thatsoftware and control hardware may be designed based on the descriptionherein.

For example, while series of messages, blocks, and/or signals have beendescribed with regard to some of the above figures, the order of themessages, blocks, and/or signals may be modified in otherimplementations. Further, non-dependent blocks and/or signals may beperformed in parallel. Additionally, while the figures have beendescribed in the context of particular devices performing particularacts, in practice, one or more other devices may perform some or all ofthese acts in lieu of, or in addition to, the above-mentioned devices.

Even though particular combinations of features are recited in theclaims and/or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are notintended to limit the disclosure of the possible implementations. Infact, many of these features may be combined in ways not specificallyrecited in the claims and/or disclosed in the specification. Althougheach dependent claim listed below may directly depend on only one otherclaim, the disclosure of the possible implementations includes eachdependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set.

Further, while certain connections or devices are shown, in practice,additional, fewer, or different, connections or devices may be used.Furthermore, while various devices and networks are shown separately, inpractice, the functionality of multiple devices may be performed by asingle device, or the functionality of one device may be performed bymultiple devices. Further, while some devices are shown as communicatingwith a network, some such devices may be incorporated, in whole or inpart, as a part of the network.

To the extent the aforementioned embodiments collect, store or employpersonal information provided by individuals, it should be understoodthat such information shall be used in accordance with all applicablelaws concerning protection of personal information. Additionally, thecollection, storage and use of such information may be subject toconsent of the individual to such activity, for example, throughwell-known “opt-in” or “opt-out” processes as may be appropriate for thesituation and type of information. Storage and use of personalinformation may be in an appropriately secure manner reflective of thetype of information, for example, through various encryption andanonymization techniques for particularly sensitive information.

Some implementations described herein may be described in conjunctionwith thresholds. The term “greater than” (or similar terms), as usedherein to describe a relationship of a value to a threshold, may be usedinterchangeably with the term “greater than or equal to” (or similarterms). Similarly, the term “less than” (or similar terms), as usedherein to describe a relationship of a value to a threshold, may be usedinterchangeably with the term “less than or equal to” (or similarterms). As used herein, “exceeding” a threshold (or similar terms) maybe used interchangeably with “being greater than a threshold,” “beinggreater than or equal to a threshold,” “being less than a threshold,”“being less than or equal to a threshold,” or other similar terms,depending on the context in which the threshold is used.

No element, act, or instruction used in the present application shouldbe construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described assuch. An instance of the use of the term “and,” as used herein, does notnecessarily preclude the interpretation that the phrase “and/or” wasintended in that instance. Similarly, an instance of the use of the term“or,” as used herein, does not necessarily preclude the interpretationthat the phrase “and/or” was intended in that instance. Also, as usedherein, the article “a” is intended to include one or more items, andmay be used interchangeably with the phrase “one or more.” Where onlyone item is intended, the terms “one,” “single,” “only,” or similarlanguage is used. Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean“based, at least in part, on” unless explicitly stated otherwise.

1. A method comprising: capturing visible properties of a received workrevealed by a first range of electromagnetic spectrum; capturingnon-visible properties of the received work revealed by a second rangeof electromagnetic spectrum; determining a texture of a particularmaterial about an outer surface of the received work from thenon-visible properties; detecting a number of layers applied over theparticular material at different points across the outer surface of thereceived work based on the non-visible properties; determining an amountof deviation between the received work and a reference image, againstwhich to authenticate the received work, based on differences betweenthe visible properties, the texture, and the number of layers atdifferent points across the outer surface of the received work andcorresponding points of the reference image; and verifying authenticityof the received work in response to the differences between the visibleproperties, the texture, and the number of layers across each of thereceived work and the reference image being within a defined threshold.2. The method of claim 1, wherein verifying the authenticity comprises:determining that the received work is not an original work in responseto the differences in the visible properties being within a firstthreshold and the differences in the texture and the number of layersbeing outside a second threshold; and authenticating the received workas the original work in response to the differences in the visibleproperties being within the first threshold and the differences in thetexture and the number of layers being within the second threshold. 3.The method of claim 1 further comprising: defining the reference imagebased on visible and non-visible properties of materials used by one ormore machines creating authorized reproductions of an original work; andwherein verifying the authenticity comprises: determining that thereceived work is not one of the authorized reproductions in response toone or more of the visible properties and the non-visible properties ofthe received work not matching the visible and non-visible properties ofthe materials used by the one or more machines; and verifying that thereceived work is one of the authorized reproductions in response to thevisible properties and the non-visible properties of the received workmatching the visible and non-visible properties of the materials used bythe one or more machines.
 4. The method of claim 1 further comprising:defining the reference image based on a patterning of visible andnon-visible properties produced by one or more machines; and whereinverifying the authenticity comprises: determining that the received workis not created by the one or more machines in response to patterning ofone or more of the visible properties and the non-visible properties ofthe received work not matching the patterning of the visible andnon-visible properties produced by the one or more machines; andverifying that the received work is created by the one or more machinesin response to patterning of the visible properties and the non-visibleproperties of the received work matching the patterning of the visibleand non-visible properties produced by the one or more machines.
 5. Themethod of claim 1 further comprising: exposing an original work to thefirst range of electromagnetic spectrum; capturing visible properties ofthe original work revealed by the first range of electromagneticspectrum; exposing the original work to the second range ofelectromagnetic spectrum; capturing non-visible properties of theoriginal work revealed by the second range of electromagnetic spectrum;and generating the reference image by combining the visible propertiesof the original work with the non-visible properties of the originalwork into a single composite image.
 6. The method of claim 1, whereinthe first range of the electromagnetic spectrum corresponds to a visiblelight spectrum; and wherein the second range of the electromagneticspectrum corresponds to a non-visible light spectrum comprising one ormore of an ultraviolet spectrum, an X-ray spectrum, and an infraredspectrum.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein capturing the visibleproperties of the received work comprises mapping color attributesacross a non-uniform surface layer of the received work; and whereincapturing the non-visible properties of the received work comprises:measuring variations in the second range of electromagnetic spectrummeasured at different points across the non-uniform surface layer; andmapping the variations to determine the texture and the number oflayers.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the texturecomprises detecting variations in one of ultraviolet spectrum, X-rayspectrum, and infrared spectrum; and wherein detecting the number oflayers comprises detecting variations in another of the ultravioletspectrum, X-ray spectrum, and infrared spectrum.
 9. The method of claim1, wherein capturing the visible properties of the received workcomprises mapping color attributes across a non-uniform surface layer ofthe received work; and wherein detecting the number of layers comprisesmapping different variations in the second range of electromagneticspectrum at the different points to different numbers of layers at thedifferent points.
 10. The method of claim 1 further comprising: whereincapturing the visible properties of the received work comprisesconfiguring a first filter that permits the first range ofelectromagnetic spectrum onto a sensor and that blocks the second rangeof electromagnetic spectrum from the sensor; and wherein capturing thenon-visible properties of the received work comprises configuring asecond filter that permits the second range of electromagnetic spectrumonto the sensor and that blocks the first range of electromagneticspectrum from the sensor.
 11. (canceled)
 12. The method of claim 1further comprising: generating the reference image at a first time priorto lending an original work to a third-party; and wherein verifying theauthenticity comprises confirming return of the original work at asecond time based on the differences being within the threshold.
 13. Themethod of claim 1 further comprising: generating a point cloudcomprising a plurality of data points that are positioned in athree-dimensional (“3D”) space to represent positions of differentpoints of the received work; wherein capturing the visible propertiescomprises mapping the visible properties at each particular point of thereceived work to a data point of the plurality of data points with asame position as the particular point; and wherein capturing thenon-visible properties comprises mapping the non-visible properties ateach particular point of the received work to a data point of theplurality of data points with a same position as the particular point.14. A system for authenticating different works, the system comprising:one or more processors configured to: capture visible properties of areceived work revealed by a first range of electromagnetic spectrum;capture non-visible properties of the received work revealed by a secondrange of electromagnetic spectrum; determine a texture of a particularmaterial about an outer surface of the received work from thenon-visible properties; detect a number of layers applied over theparticular material at different points across the outer surface of thereceived work based on the non-visible properties; determine an amountof deviation between the received work and a reference image, againstwhich to authenticate the received work, based on differences betweenthe visible properties, the texture, and the number of layers atdifferent points across the outer surface of the received work andcorresponding points of the reference image; and verify authenticity ofthe received work in response to the differences between the visibleproperties, the texture, and the number of layers across each of thereceived work and the reference image being within a defined threshold.15. The system of claim 14, wherein verifying the authenticitycomprises: determining that the received work is not an original work inresponse to the differences in the visible properties being within afirst threshold and the differences in the texture and the number oflayers being outside a second threshold; and authenticating the receivedwork as the original work in response to the differences in the visibleproperties being within the first threshold and the differences in thetexture and the number of layers being within the second threshold. 16.The system of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors are furtherconfigured to: define the reference image based on visible andnon-visible properties of materials used by one or more machinescreating authorized reproductions of an original work; and whereinverifying the authenticity comprises: determining that the received workis not one of the authorized reproductions in response to one or more ofthe visible properties and the non-visible properties of the receivedwork not matching the visible and non-visible properties of thematerials used by the one or more machines; and verifying that thereceived work is one of the authorized reproductions in response to thevisible properties and the non-visible properties of the received workmatching the visible and non-visible properties of the materials used bythe one or more machines.
 17. The system of claim 14, wherein the one ormore processors are further configured to: define the reference imagebased on a patterning of visible and non-visible properties produced byone or more machines; and wherein verifying the authenticity comprises:determining that the received work is not created by the one or moremachines in response to patterning of one or more of the visibleproperties and the non-visible properties of the received work notmatching the patterning of the visible and non-visible propertiesproduced by the one or more machines; and verifying that the receivedwork is created by the one or more machines in response to patterning ofthe visible properties and the non-visible properties of the receivedwork matching the patterning of the visible and non-visible propertiesproduced by the one or more machines.
 18. The system of claim 14,wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: expose anoriginal work to the first range of electromagnetic spectrum; capturevisible properties of the original work revealed by the first range ofelectromagnetic spectrum; expose the original work to the second rangeof electromagnetic spectrum; capture non-visible properties of theoriginal work revealed by the second range of electromagnetic spectrum;and generate the reference image by combining the visible properties ofthe original work with the non-visible properties of the original workinto a single composite image.
 19. A non-transitory computer-readablemedium, storing a plurality of processor-executable instructions to:capture visible properties of a received work revealed by a first rangeof electromagnetic spectrum; capture non-visible properties of thereceived work revealed by a second range of electromagnetic spectrum;determine a texture of a particular material about an outer surface ofthe received work from the non-visible properties; detect a number oflayers applied over the particular material at different points acrossthe outer surface of the received work based on the non-visibleproperties determine an amount of deviation between the received workand a reference image, against which to authenticate the received work,based on differences between the visible properties, the texture, andthe number of layers at different points across the outer surface of thereceived work and corresponding points of the reference image; andverify authenticity of the received work in response to the differencesbetween the visible properties, the texture, and the number of layersacross each of the received work and the reference image being within adefined threshold.
 20. The method of claim 1 further comprising:defining the threshold based in part on tolerances of an imaging deviceused in said capturing of the visible properties and the non-visibleproperties of the received work.